Under Rule 8, what action should the give-way vessel take?

• A. The give-way vessel should maintain its present course and hope the other vessel moves.
• B. The give-way vessel should sound a whistle and maintain speed.
• C. The give-way vessel should attempt to overtake from the stern.
• D. Take early and substantial action to avoid collision, such as altering course or reducing speed.

Answer: (D)

Rule 8 requires the give-way vessel to take early and substantial action to avoid collision. When a risk of collision is detected, the give-way vessel should maneuver decisively—altering course and/or reducing speed—to clear the path of danger. This proactive action helps prevent close quarters and ensures safe passage for both vessels.

Simply maintaining the current course and hoping the other vessel moves is unsafe and not compliant with Rule 8. Relying on signaling alone, such as blowing a whistle while staying on the same speed, does not fulfill the obligation to avoid collision—the maneuver itself is required. Likewise, trying to overtake from the stern is not a reliable or appropriate method for avoidance and can create new hazards. The emphasis is on taking early, clear, and practical action to prevent a collision, which is exactly what altering course or reducing speed achieves.