The vessel that is required to take early and substantial action to keep well away from other vessels by stopping, slowing down or changing course.

• A. The vessel that has the right of way.
• B. The vessel that must maintain its course.
• C. The vessel that must take early and substantial action to avoid others.
• D. A vessel not in control of propulsion.

Answer: (C)

In collision avoidance, one vessel is designated to take early and substantial action to keep well clear of others. That vessel is the give-way vessel. The rule requires it to slow down, stop, or alter course promptly so the other vessel can pass safely on its intended path. This proactive action helps prevent close-quarters situations and keeps traffic predictable.

The vessel that has the right of way, or stand-on vessel, is the one that should maintain its course and speed, unless it becomes clear the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action. The idea isn’t for the stand-on vessel to change course first; its role is to keep a steady course while the give-way vessel does the maneuvering. A vessel not in control of propulsion isn’t the defining factor here; the obligation to take early action lies with the give-way vessel.